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It should be added here Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 16:52:51 +0000 Treated with malt amylase, amylo- peotin was found to saccharify slowly, yielding dextrins. Nevertheless it was taken for granted by Maquenne and Roux 13 that amylopectin consisted entirely of maltose resi- dues, since it was converted completely into maltose (using potato starch paste) when treated with malt amylase at a favourable hydrogen ion concentration. It should be added here that Ling 13 denies that amylopeotin can be converted into maltose by amylase, which merely, he says, dephospha- tises it and depolymerises it into a hexa-amylose. Autor of the post: Undefined But he regarded them Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 16:42:50 +0000 Maquenne and Eouxs work, which demonstrated the presence of at least two substances in the starch granule, in many ways confirmed the views of the earliest investigators, for instance that of Nageli, 14 who referred to two compounds in the starch granule, an interior granulose, the mother substance of maltose, and an exterior compound, starch-cellulose . Meyer 16 shared the view of the presence of two substances in the starch granule, terming them and amylose, corresponding to Nagelis granulose and starch cellulose respectively. But he regarded them as one and the same substance dehydrated to different degrees. Autor of the post: Undefined By the treatment evolved Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 16:30:35 +0000 Gatin-Gruzewskas 16 researches demonstrated experiment- ally that the water-soluble amylose is identifiable with starch granulose and thus constitutes the interior substance of the starch grain, while the amylopectin, asmentionedabove, represents the starch cellulose of earlier workers. It separates as empty shells of the original starch granule when a starch paste is subjected to the treatment required for the separa- tion of its two composing substances. By the treatment evolved by Gatin-Gruzewska, as much as 40 per cent, of amylopectin can be obtained from potato starch. Autor of the post: Undefined Of other workers Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 16:17:35 +0000 Tanret examined a variety of other starch types and came to the conclusion that the yield of amylopectin may be much higher. In chestnut starch he found as much as 67 per cent, and in banana starch 79,5 per cent, amylopectin. Of other workers who have determined quantitatively the amount of amylopectin present in starch may be mentioned Ling and Nanji, whose yields correspond to those of Maquenne and Roux; Pringsheim and Wolfsohn, 18 who report having ob- tained as much as 66 per cent, from potato starch, using the method recommended by Ling and Nanji ; and Samec, 19 who reached a yield of 77 per cent, when carrying out the separa- tion in a manner different from that used by Gatin-Gruzewska. Autor of the post: Undefined It is now generally accepted Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 16:07:24 +0000 Other fruitful researches which should be mentioned are those of Fouard and of Sameo and his collaborators on the phosphorus content of starch. Sameo s investigations particu- larly have thrown light on the function of the phosphorus found associated with starch in the starch granule. It is now generally accepted that amylopeotin represents the phos- phoric ester of a polysaccharide, while amylose is free from chemically bound phosphorus. Autor of the post: Undefined Potato starch does not appear Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:55:46 +0000 Of interest are Olayson and Schryvers and Schryver and Thomass 23 observations on the presence of hemicelluloses in certain types of starch, in sago and maize starch, for instance, where these substances occur in quantities up to 3 per cent. These hemicelluloses are not acted upon by amylase, at least not by the enzyme present in taka-diastase. Potato starch does not appear to contain any hemicelluloses. Autor of the post: Undefined Special interest attaches to Schardingers Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:37:30 +0000 Additional work on the amylohemicelluloses has been carried out by Ling and his collaborators, 13 who find the percentages present considerably greater, reaching figures of 16 per cent, in potato tubers and rice respectively. It should be added also that Taylor and Lehrmann have ob- served the presence of small quantities of fatty acids in maize starch, substances which they claim are organically combined with the amylopeotin. Special interest attaches to Schardingers 86 observations, dating from 1909 to 1911, on the formation of crystalline decomposition products of starch by tha action of Sac. Autor of the post: Undefined Prom the liquefied starch paste Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:24:28 +0000 macrans. In the hands of Pringsheim and his collaborators these observations have led to the elaboration of a possible interpretation of the chemical structure of amylose and of amylopectin. Prom the liquefied starch paste which Bac. Autor of the post: Undefined They were soluble in water Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 15:08:20 +0000 macerans had acted upon for some days Schardinger obtained two crystalline substances which he termed a- and yff-amylose respectively. In most of their physico-chemical properties these bodies resembled dextrins, substances to which reference will be made later. They were soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol, ether and choroform, and they did not reduce Fehlings solution. Autor of the post: Undefined They found that the a-amylose Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 14:56:37 +0000 A solution of a-amylose gave a yellowish- green and of amylose a reddish-brown colour with iodine. Pringsheim and Langhans, who repeated Schardingers experiments, were able to confirm his results. They found that the a-amylose was composed of four groups of a hypothetical hexosan to which they applied the term amylose. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |