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He finds that the gonoooocus Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 4:56:54 +0000 The brief incubation period allowed is necessary to avoid interference by other starch hydrolysing micro-organisms, such as Vibrio Metchni- kofffoi instance, which is less active than Kochs vibrio. For the cultivation of Micrococcua gonorrJioeae Vedder recommends a beef infusion agar to which 1 per cent, of maize starch is added. He finds that the gonoooocus remains alive for two to three weeks on this medium as against two to three days on the usual salt-free veal agar. Autor of the post: Undefined He grows the organism Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 4:40:17 +0000 The utilization of bacterial enzymes for the removal of starchy matter from textile materials has been recommended by Boidin and by JBoidin and EfEront, who use the amylases secreted by Ba mesentericus and Ba subtiUs for this purpose. Ba mesentricua has been recommended also by Effront for the liquefaction of starch-containing mashes in the dis- tillery. He grows the organism on distillery residue, a medium which appears to be highly suitable, since 1 kg. Autor of the post: Undefined Ammonium sulphate also appears suitable Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 4:27:25 +0000 of the residue on which Ba mesentericus has been allowed to develop is stated to be equal in starch liquefying power to malt. The optimum temperature of this amylase is given as Fermi, Efiront isolates the enzyme from the culture of the organism by precipitation with alcohol. Ammonium sulphate also appears suitable for this purpose. Autor of the post: Undefined This organism is used either Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 4:08:10 +0000 The products of hydro- lysis are stated to consist of dextrins and maltose per cent, of the latter. For the saccharincation of starch mashes in distilleries Jouola advocates the use of Ba burdigalense, a type related to Ba tennis, Duclaux, Lehmann and Neumann, and recom- mended also by Bettinger for this purpose. This organism is used either alone or in symbiosis with a Mucor species, Mucor eloeis, which is claimed to possess twice the sacchari- fying power of Mucor Rouxii. Autor of the post: Undefined The most active form, Ba Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:57:40 +0000 Though Ba burdigalense is capable of developing even at the mash must be cooled to 36 , when a mixed culture of the rod and Mucor eloeis is employed, since the fungus is unable to develop at the higher temperature. Other thermophilio or thennotolerant amylase producing bacilli have been isolated by Coolhaas from mud. The most active form, Ba tTiermoamylolyticiis, penetrates the starch granules attacked by it, gradually dissolves them, and con- verts them into maltose. Autor of the post: Undefined Beyond the observation Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:43:32 +0000 In the course of 9days this organ- ism was capable of converting per cent, of the starch into maltose, a conversion equal in magnitude, though not in speed, to that of malt amylase. The maltose is subsequently converted into various fermentation products the nature of which indicates that Sa thrmoamylolyticus belongs to the group of butyric acid bacilli. Beyond the observation that a great many Actinomycetes hydrolyse starch, little is known on the subject. Autor of the post: Undefined Of other species producing amylase Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:30:39 +0000 Of interest is Fermis observation that such important species as Coryne- bacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis actively hydrolyse starch. The hydrolysing properties of the latter are regarded by Fermi as an additional proof for its relation- ship to the Actinomycetes. Of other species producing amylase may be mentioned Actinomyces boms -Q Actinomyces dicLstaiicus. Autor of the post: Undefined Commensurate with its greater industrial Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:18:07 +0000 In their studies on the classification of the Acti- nomycetes both Waksman and Curtis and Krainsky have paid attention to the amylolytio properties of the various species examined. It should be recorded also that Rullmann found that the presence of starch in cultures of Actinomyces odorifera gave rise to the emanation of an intensified odour of damp earth. Commensurate with its greater industrial importance starch hydrolysis by fungi has received more attention in the past than saccharification through bacteria or through actino- mycetes. Autor of the post: Undefined The value of these products Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 3:06:48 +0000 In the Far East certain fungi have been used for many centuries for purposes where in the West alt is employed. The preparation of alcoholic beverages such as sake" , and of the aromatic sauce soya, is based on the saocharification of starch by species of lower fungi. The value of these products, taking Japan alone, was stated by Taka- mine to amount to 40,000,000 in 1914. Autor of the post: Undefined The soft grain is then Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 2:52:55 +0000 After removing the husks and the inner skin the cleaned grain, usually rice, is soaked in water overnight and heated on the following morning in a current of steam until the grains have become elastic to the touch. This operation takes from four to five hours. The soft grain is then placed on mats and cooled with stirring till its temperature has fallen to every 75 kg of the cooked grain three salt spoons full of spores of the active fungus, usually Asper- gillus oryzae, are added. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |