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It is based Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 21:09:18 +0000 Those recommended by Lintner or by Wohlge- muth for malt diastase might of course be used. A more satisfactory method appears to be that evolved by Waksman 61 . It is based on the resolution of the starch of a potato starch paste by the enzyme to be tested without considering the question of how much of the starch is converted into poly- amyloses, how much into dextrins, and how much into re- ducing sugars. Autor of the post: Undefined Tubes liquefied outside these limits Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 20:51:41 +0000 The potato starch used is first stained red with neutral red and then made into a 2 per cent, starch paste. The paste is filled into test tubes in each, and reached this temperature sufficient enzyme is added to the tube to cause a resolution of the starch in not less than one minute, and in not more than fifteen minutes. Tubes liquefied outside these limits are rejected. Autor of the post: Undefined As each dilution Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 20:39:32 +0000 The resolution of the starch is easily recognized by the liquid becoming clear and reddish coloured. The various tubes must be shaken from time to time during digestion to ensure thorough mixing. As each dilution of the enzyme; t the time taken for the standard tity of diluted enzyme ; and T the time taken by the actual amount of enzyme added to liquefy the starch. Autor of the post: Undefined In addition to Aspergillus oryzae Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 20:20:45 +0000 Thus if the enzyme has been diluted ten times and of this dilu- tion has been found to liquefy of the starch paste in six minutes the enzymatic power expressed as units would be Attempts to increase the diastatic properties of taka- diastase through precipitation were made by Sherman and Tanberg. They found that extraction of the commercial product with water, precipitation of the solution with am- monium sulphate, subsequent removal of the salt by dialysis, and final precipitation of the resulting solution of the enzyme by alcohol yielded an amylase which in some cases showed an increased activity of nearly thirty times that of the com- mercial product. In addition to Aspergillus oryzae, a number of other Asper- gillus and Penicillium species have been studied from the point of view of their amylolytic enzymes. Autor of the post: Undefined Sanguinetti reports a yield Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 20:05:28 +0000 Among them may be mentioned Aspergillus niger, investigated by Gayon and by Fernbach, Aspergillus batatae and Aspergillus pseudoflavus by Saito, Aspergillus atibus, Aspergillus candidus, and Aspergillus Okazakii by Okazaki, Aspergillus terricola by Scales, and Aspergillus glaucus and Penicillium glaucum by Duolaux. Though all of these species hydrolyse starch and many of them are used in the East for the manufacture of alcoholic beverages, they do not convert carbohydrates into alcohol at least not to any appreciable extent. Sanguinetti reports a yield of 4 per cent, on the carbohydrates converted in the case of Aspergillus oryzae. Autor of the post: Undefined This yeast was found Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 19:46:11 +0000 Far more active in this respect are a number of Mucor species used in the East for fermenta- tion purposes. The first Mucor species reported capable of hydrolysing starch and dextrins and converting the resulting saccharides into alcohol were Mucor circindloides and Mucor The utilization of Muoor species for industrial purposes was not seriously considered, however, until after Calmettes 84 publication on Chinese yeast in 1892. This yeast was found by Calmette to be a Mucor species, which he named Amytomyces Rouxii, and which is now usually referred to as Mucor JRouxii. Autor of the post: Undefined Calmette succeeded in isolating Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 19:36:05 +0000 It produces a very active amylase when grown aerobioally. On elimination of the oxygen supply it utilizes the available carbohydrates as hydrogen acceptors in the place of oxygen and converts them to ethyl alcohol, as much as 35 per cent, of alcohol being formed from the sugar fermented. Calmette succeeded in isolating the amylase produced by Mucor JRouxii, using Duclauxs method a method to which a few lines must be devoted here, since it is often advocated as suitable for the isolation of fungus enzymes. Autor of the post: Undefined At this stage the fungus Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 19:19:39 +0000 Duclaux inoculates a culture medium containing inorganic and organic food substances Ranlin s medium, for instance with spores of the fungus from which he desires to obtain an enzyme, and allows growth to proceed to maturity. This is usually reached after hours incubation at the optimum temperature. At this stage the fungus covers the culture medium with a densely matted layer of mycelial growth containing numerous spo- rangia. Autor of the post: Undefined Or the enzyme may Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 19:07:31 +0000 The accumulation of enzyme in the medium is now particularly rapid, and the spent culture medium, with its salts and decomposition products, is therefore replaced by distilled water, into which the enzyme continues to diffuse. An aqueous solution of the enzyme is thus obtained and can be concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. Or the enzyme may be separated from the aqueous solution by precipitation with alcohol. Autor of the post: Undefined Thus taka-diastase has been found Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 18:55:53 +0000 Duclaux in his account of the secretion of enzymes emphasizes the need for the presence in the culture medium of the substance specifically decomposed by the enzyme to be collected. This, however, does not appear to be essential in all cases. Thus taka-diastase has been found to contain both rennet and haemolysin, though its mode of preparation precludes the presence of either milk or red blood corpuscles during its secretion by Aapergittus oryzae. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |