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This obser- vation confirms Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 18:45:33 +0000 Katz in his studies on the amylolytic properties of Asprgillus niger, Penicillwm gkwcum, and Sa Megathriwm found that amylase was secreted by these types even where starch was absent from the culture medium. The secretion of the enzyme could, however, be influenced by the composition of the of saccharose or 2 per cent, of glucose, amylase secretion became completely inhibited in the case of Pnicillium glaucum and Ba Megatherium, while even 30 per cent, of saccharose was insufficient completely to check the secre- tion of amylase in the case of AspergiUus niger. This obser- vation confirms the experimental evidence discussed in Chapter on the action of species of Aspergilli on sugar stored in bulk. Autor of the post: Undefined The addition of tannin Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 18:27:06 +0000 Maltose was found to be less inhibitory to the secretion of amylase than glucose or saccharose, and erythrodextrin even less. Peptone was found to accelerate amylase production in the case of all three types of micro-organisms with which Katz experimented. The addition of tannin, which removed by precipitation the enzyme secreted, was also found to in- crease its production by the test organism. Autor of the post: Undefined In starch pastes, however, germination Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 18:15:12 +0000 In discussing the question of the influence of the medium on the secretion of enzymes it is interesting to recall that Duclaux 81 found that a typical starch hydrolysing fungus, such as Aspergill niger, did not germinate from its spore in a medium consisting exclusively of ungelatinized starch. To achieve growth it was necessary to add traces of water soluble carbohydrates, such as maltose or saccharose. In starch pastes, however, germination took place within the normal The available information on the physical and chemical properties of the amylase isolated by Calmette from Mucor Souxii is not very definite. Autor of the post: Undefined An indication of its acidity Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 18:02:03 +0000 Calmette himself states that the optimum activity of the enzyme is reached between and , and that heating to destroys it. The addition of calcium carbonate is claimed by Calmette to impede its activity. An indication of its acidity range is supplied by Bellinger and Delaval. Autor of the post: Undefined Subsequent to Calmettes publication Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 17:50:14 +0000 88 They found that optimal conditions prevailed when Mucor Rouxii acted in a mash containing litres of concentrated hydrochloric acid per 1,000 kg of grain. Assuming their mash to have been of 10 per cent, strength, the acid added would be sufficient to establish a hydrogen ion concentration equal to a pH value of about in the mash. Subsequent to Calmettes publication a number of de- scriptions of other amylolytio Mucoraceae have been given. Autor of the post: Undefined Most of the literature dealing Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 17:38:53 +0000 Among these may be mentioned Mucor Cambodia (Chrzaszcz), Mucor doeis (Joucla 88 ), and Mucor batatas (Nakazawa ). The amylase in Mucor stolonifer was studied by Durandard, who records a temperature range for_this enzyme from 10 to 65 , with an optimum at 46 Though this is not the place to enter into a discussion of the alcohol-producing properties of the various Mucor species, a brief account has been included of the methods adopted for the utilization of muoor species in distilleries, in the processes frequently described under the names of the Amylo process and the Boulard process. Most of the literature dealing with this subject is difficult of access owing to patent restrictions, and Galles 91 account in 1923 therefore fills a long-felt want. Autor of the post: Undefined at 1-5 atm After 24 Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 17:21:07 +0000 The data supplied here are taken from Galles paper, which is based on practical experience with the working of the Amylo process. For the laboratory cultivation of the fungus a mash containing 16 to 17 per cent, of starch is filled in test tubes to and in litre flasks to 250 oms and sterilized for 20 min. at 1-5 atm After 24 hours standing the media are sterilized again. Autor of the post: Undefined This medium, like the liquid Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 17:01:18 +0000 A further medium used consists of rice (20 gr) mois- tened with 1 o. of water and contained in sufficiently large containers to allow abundant air-space. This medium, like the liquid mash, is sterilized in the autoclave on two con- secutive days at 1-5 atm for 20 min. Autor of the post: Undefined Before the inoculation Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 16:44:47 +0000 When required for starting large-scale fermentations the sterile tubes containing liquid mash are inoculated with a pure culture of Mucor Rouxii, or any other Mucor strain which may have been chosen, and incubated at 38 After four to five days incubation these cultures are fully developed and the surface of the liquid is covered with a mass of black sporangia. The ripe cultures are placed in a dark, cool place when not required for immediate use. Before the inoculation of the sterilized rice grains the contents of a tube are carefully shaken until the spores contained in the sporangia have been distributed throughout the liquid in the tube. Autor of the post: Undefined If free from infecting bacteria Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 16:25:58 +0000 The rice is then sprinkled with this liquid and incubated at for eight days. After satisfactory development it is shaken with the spores to germinate. If free from infecting bacteria this material is used to inoculate a seed tank holding a quantity of mash equal to 10 per cent, of that finally to be fermented. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |