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For the satisfactory development Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 16:12:27 +0000 The mash in the seed tank is sterilized by live steam for one tion. After 16 hours incubation the first hyphae become visible. For the satisfactory development of the fungus it is essential that the reaction of the mash, as well as its tempera- ture, should be maintained at the optimum. Autor of the post: Undefined Thereupon the mash is aerated Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 15:57:13 +0000 The acidity of the mash must not be allowed to increase beyond a concen- the mash is used as inoculant for the mash in the fermenting vat. Here the acidity must be checked every six hours and mash in the fermenting vat is cooled to and inoculated with ayeast mixture. Thereupon the mash is aerated for about six hours. Autor of the post: Undefined At the end Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 15:37:57 +0000 After 8 hours the fermentation is completed. The whole process in the factory therefore takes three days. At the end of the fermentation the acidity may have risen to In many factories where the Amylo and the Boulard pro- cess are worked it is customary to assist the liquefaction of added, calculated on the weight of the grain taken. Autor of the post: Undefined Bellinger and Delaval in their Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 15:25:36 +0000 During the subsequent cooking the mash becomes more liquid than if no aoid had been used. In consequence higher concentra- tions of grain than would normally be possible can be used. Bellinger and Delaval in their publication already referred to mention that the addition of acid is more favourable for the subsequent activity of the amylase than the use of a small amount of malt added for the purpose of liquefaction of the mash. Autor of the post: Undefined Its presence in the mycelium Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 15:12:15 +0000 The production of amylase by higher fungi cannot be dealt with in these pages. It has already been mentioned that very few species belonging to the order of the Eumycetes lack the property of amylase secretion. Its presence in the mycelium of the higher fungi has frequently been recorded, for instance by Zellner. Autor of the post: Undefined In this destruction fungi participate Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 14:52:48 +0000 The importance of starch hydrolysis in the microbiological destruction of wood was referred to in Thay- sen and Bunkers treatise on the microbiology of cellulose. It remains to draw attention to the connexion which must exist between the amylase-producing properties of many fungi and the discoloration and destruction of starch in storage. In this destruction fungi participate and may per- haps even be solely responsible. Autor of the post: Undefined Before leaving the subject Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 14:36:53 +0000 It would seem that they are capable not only of spreading throughout the mass of the starch but actually of penetrating the individual starch grains. Lindners observations on mouldy potatoes at least indicate that this is what may occur. Before leaving the subject of starch hydrolysis reference must be made to the interesting observation of Gramenitzki 94 on the regeneration of amyloclastic enzymes after exposure to high temperatures. Autor of the post: Undefined Thus a solution of taka-diastase Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 14:23:55 +0000 It has already been mentioned that temperatures of from destroy the characteristic properties of starch hydrolysing enzymes. Gramenitzki finds that this destruction in many cases is an inactivation rather than a destruction an inaotivation from which the enzymes may recover. Thus a solution of taka-diastase heated for a short time to 80-85 will show an appreciable regeneration of its amyloclastic properties when left at room temperature for one or two days, When left at the recovery of its specific properties is more rapid, though less complete, and is maintained for only four to sis hours. Autor of the post: Undefined The degree of regeneration therefore Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 14:08:14 +0000 Kept at there is only a slight regeneration, which is lost again after two to three hours. Kept at no regeneration at all takes place. The degree of regeneration therefore depends on the tempera- ture at which the enzyme is kept after exposure. Autor of the post: Undefined Whether the enzyme solution Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 13:55:35 +0000 But in addition it is governed also by the degree to which the enzyme has been heated, a short exposure to being the maxi- mum beyond which no regeneration occurs. The more active an enzyme the more readily will it become regenerated, and as a general rule dilute solutions of taka-diastase are more easily regenerated than concentrated solutions. Whether the enzyme solution has been previously dialysed or not does not appear to affect its regenerative powers, which therefore must be regarded as independent of the conductivity of the enzyme solution. 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