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Gillot confirms the formation Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 8:41:24 +0000 Neuberg maintains, probably rightly, that the hydrolysis of raffinose by bacteria and fungi follows the lines of the decomposition of this carbohydrate by yeast. For Asper- gillus niger Bourquelot has shown this to be the case, since the hydrolysis proceeds in two stages, resulting first in the liberation of fructose and the formation of melibiose, and subsequently in the hydrolysis of melibiose to glucose and galactose. Gillot confirms the formation of the three monoses by raffinose as the result of the action of Asprgittus niger on the polysaccharide. Autor of the post: Undefined lactiarabinosum was observed by Fred Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 8:29:16 +0000 Whether in the case of bacteria and fungi an action is possible such as that observed by Neuberg in the case of emulsin, that is, with the liberation of galactose and saccharose, was not definitely established by Neuberg and remains to be determined. A fermentation of raffinose by JSact. lactiarabinosum was observed by Fred, Peterson, and Anderson, by Sact. Autor of the post: Undefined Melezitose was first isolated Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 8:13:14 +0000 Fried- lander by Erankland, Stanley, and Frew, and by Monilia sitophila by Went. Melezitose. Melezitose was first isolated by Villiers from the manna of Alhagi camelorum, and has been referrei to by von Schrenk 31 as contained in the droplets of liquid which exude from the sporophores of various Polyporaceae, types of wood destroying higher fungi. Autor of the post: Undefined This, however, does not appear Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 7:59:36 +0000 The trisaccharide was shown by Alekhine to be decomposable by dilute acids into glucose and a disacoharide turanose, which in turn, and under the same influence, yielded one further molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. It might be thought therefore that melezitose was a dehydration product of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of saccharose. This, however, does not appear to be so since the saccharase pro- duced by yeast is unable to decompose it (Alekhine). Autor of the post: Undefined That melezitose is unfermentable, presumably Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 7:48:42 +0000 At- tempts have been made by Kuhn and von Grundherr to explain the mode of combination of saccharose with glucose in melezitose, but it must be concluded with Bridel and Aagaard that there is at present no experimental evidence to show how this combination has been brought about. The information available on the microbiological decom- position of melezitose is very scanty indeed. That melezitose is unfermentable, presumably by yeast, was the conclusion arrived at by Alekhine. Autor of the post: Undefined lactiarabinosum of Fred, Peterson Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 7:34:46 +0000 Bourquelot and Hrissey found that the enzyme of Aspr- gittus niger hydrolyses melezitose to glucose and turanose, while Kayser showed that a lactic acid producing bacterium isolated by him from sauerkraut was capable of fermenting and, presumably, of hydrolysing it. Perhaps this type of lactic acid bacterium was related to the Bact. lactiarabinosum of Fred, Peterson, and Anderson, which is claimed to be a vigorous melezitose fermenting type. Autor of the post: Undefined He found it Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 7:20:58 +0000 Trehalose. Trehalose, a digluoose not reducing Fehling, was first isolated by Bourquelot. He found it to be widely distributed among fungi, where it is produced in the sporo- phores on commencement of spore formation. Autor of the post: Undefined Ivanov 38 draws attention Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 7:01:06 +0000 During the ripening of the spores the carbohydrate disappears, a specific enzyme, trehalase, being responsible for its conversion into glucose. This enzyme was found by Bourquelot to be different from sacoharase, amylase, and emulsin. Ivanov 38 draws attention to the presence of trehalose in Myxomycetes, organ- isms which at certain stages of their development produce also the corresponding hydrolytio enzyme trehalase. Autor of the post: Undefined He showed that it was Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 6:42:32 +0000 Where the enzyme is absent, for instance in the stipe of the sporophore of many higher fungi, trehalose accumulates in such quantities that these tissues may be used as a raw material for the isolation of the carbohydrate. Among the lower fungi Bourquelot found the enzyme trehalase present in the mycelium of Aspergillus niger. He showed that it was different from the maltase produced by the same fungus, since the two enzymes withstood high temperature to a varying extent. Autor of the post: Undefined extraot of living yeast, however; had Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 6:27:49 +0000 Fischer found that yeast is capable of hydrolysing tre- halose, and that an aqueous suspension of dried pure yeast converted about 20 per cent, of any trehalose present into reducing sugars. An aqueous.extraot of living yeast, however; had no action on the carbohydrate, Bourquelot had pre- viously shown that yeast sacoharase had no action on tre- halose. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |