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paratyphosum, Bact Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 6:16:33 +0000 According to Went, trehalase is produced by Monilia sitophila when trehalose is added to the culture medium in which the fungus is grown. An attempt to utilise trehalose for diagnostic purposes was made by Koser, who found that Bact. paratyphosum, Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined suipestifer was unable to hydrolyse Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 6:01:17 +0000 jSchottmullri, and Bact. enteritidis fermented it with the evolution of gas and production of acid, while Bact. suipestifer was unable to hydrolyse it. Autor of the post: Undefined Saccharose Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 5:43:56 +0000 Kayser in his investigations on lactic acid bacteria found one of his strains capable of fer, menting trehalose. Trehalose, according to Frouin and GuiHaumie, 41 would appear also to be a carbohydrate suitable for maintaining the growth of the tubercle bacterium. Saccharose. Autor of the post: Undefined In 1860 Berthelot undertook Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 5:26:38 +0000 The observation that yeast produces alcohbl from saccharose long ago caused chemists and biologists to take an interest in the reactions involved in this conversion. Quevenne reports that before 1832, and independently of each other, Baudrimont and Dubrunfaut had established that Pasteur endeavoured to correlate this reaction with the presence of a soluble ferment in the yeast cell but failed to do so, and therefore concluded that the appearance of the copper-reducing sugars was the result of a side reaction during fermentation, due to the action on saccharose of the succinic acid formed by yeast during fermentation. In 1860 Berthelot undertook to test this hypothesis experimentally. Autor of the post: Undefined He obtained further proof Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 5:09:36 +0000 For the purpose he allowed sucoinio acid to act on a saccharose solu- tion under conditions which in the presence of yeast would have resulted in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide. The experiment showed that no inversion of the saccharose took place. He obtained further proof that the hydrolysis was independent of the presence of sucoinic acid by fermenting saccharose at alkaline reactions under conditions which excluded succinic acid from exercising a hydrolytio action. Autor of the post: Undefined He succeeded in showing Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 4:59:27 +0000 As reducing sugars nevertheless were formed under these conditions, Berthelot concluded that the inversion must be more intimately connected with the activity of the yeast than Pasteur had assumed. He therefore attempted to isolate the substances responsible for the conversion of saccharose into reducing sugars. He succeeded in showing that an aqueous extract of yeast was capable of hydrolysing saccha- rose and that the reactive substance could be precipitated from the extract by addition of alcohol. Autor of the post: Undefined The substance saccharase which Berthelot Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 4:39:29 +0000 This convinced Berthelot that the living yeast cell was not itself the ferment, but that it produced one, capable of acting independently of the life functions of the cell. More than twenty years later Gayon confirmed Berthelots experiments, and again showed that succinic acid has no hydrolysing action on saccharose at" ordinary temperatures. The substance saccharase which Berthelot isolated from yeast is frequently described under the name invertase. Autor of the post: Undefined Even within this one species Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 4:24:32 +0000 The enzyme is widely distributed among micro-organisms, particu- larly among fungi, where most of the higher fungi as well as many lower fungi, particularly the Aspergilli and the Peni- cittia, hydrolyse cane sugar. Among the Mucoraceae the enzyme saccharase is less widely distributed, and only one species, Mucor racmosus, has so far been shown to produce the enzyme. Even within this one species Kostytschew and Eliasberg 46 have found that only the minus strain is able to hydrolyse the carbohydrate. Autor of the post: Undefined Certain types of colif orm Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 4:06:00 +0000 Among bacteria saccharase is undoubtedly less frequently found. Nevertheless the few saccharose hydrolysing types mentioned by Fermi and Fermi and Montesano by no means exhaust the number of saccharose hydrolysing bac- teria. Certain types of colif orm bacteria studied by Bum 48 and by Thaysen 49 are of particular interest. Autor of the post: Undefined Fermi and his collaborators used Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 3:52:05 +0000 On first being isolated from their natural habitat these types do not decompose saccharose, but apparently acquire the property of doing so on being cultivated on media containing cane sugar. Types acting similarly towards lactose had been investigated In the case of bacteria saccharase does not appear to have been isolated in substance. Fermi and his collaborators used cultures of the test organisms grown in broth for about four- teen days as solutions of the enzyme, a method which seems to have been adopted by all subsequent investigators. 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