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This was noticeably the case Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 3:41:46 +0000 A similar procedure of utilizing a solution of the enzyme secreted into the culture medium or into water has usually been adopted, except in the case of yeast saocharase and taka- diastase saccharase. Some authors have preferred to work with the juice pressed or triturated from the mycelium of the fungus. This was noticeably the case in Fischer and Lind- ners 62 experiments, carried out to ascertain the stage in the life-cycle of M onilia Candida at which sacoharase was being formed by the fungus. Autor of the post: Undefined The information available Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 3:22:30 +0000 Kscher and Lindner disintegrated fresh cells of Monilia Candida in a mortar after mixing them with glass powder and found that the resultant paste hydro- lysed saccharose as effectively as did cells of the fungus, thus showing that saccharase, as had been assumed, was not pro- duced only on the drying out of the cells. In exceptional oases only has saccharase been separated from such solutions. The information available on the nature and properties of sacoharase has in most cases been derived from a study of the enzyme obtainable from yeast. Autor of the post: Undefined Subsequent work by Waksman 68 Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 3:10:32 +0000 The review of the pro- perties of sacoharase given in the following pages refers this enzyme therefore where not otherwise stated. Before proceeding to discuss these properties it should be mentioned that in none of the experiments of Fermi and his collaborators were aotinomycetes found capable of hydro- lysing saccharose. Subsequent work by Waksman 68 has shown that some actinomycetes are able to do so, and to develop moderately well on media containing saccharose as sole source of carbon. Autor of the post: Undefined Great efforts were made Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 2:57:58 +0000 Generally speaking, however, saccha- rose cannot be regarded as a carbohydrate favouring the growth of actinomycetes. Though available as a solid, the substance known until recently as saccharase was a very heterogeneous compound containing a large percentage of mineral matter, of gum (hemicelluloses), and pectin. Great efforts were made to establish the connexion of these substances with the enzyme and the part played by them in the action of saccharase on cane sugar. Autor of the post: Undefined The yeast used can Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 2:45:31 +0000 The existing literature contains a large number of publications dealing with this question, which now has no more than historical interest, von Euler 64 and his collabora- tors and Willfltatter in their publications have been able not only to increase the efficiency of their saccharase solution by elaborate methods of purification, but the latter investi- gator has shown that the purified saccharase prepared by him contains no mineral matter, carbohydrates, or protein. It is not within the scope of this volume to give a detailed description of the modern methods by which saccharase of high purity can be prepared, but a broad outline of the principles adopted may perhaps be included. The yeast used can be extracted while still living or after destruction through drying, "disintegration, or autolysis. Autor of the post: Undefined This consists in treatment Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 2:31:06 +0000 In the former case, and when very cold water is used, a less active enzyme solution is obtained (Salkowski ) than when the extraction is carried out at temperatures between and 40 When dried or autolysed yeast is used, the enzyme solution contains a large percentage of impurities. The most efficient way of removing these impurities is at present that adopted by Willstatter and his collaborators. This consists in treatment of the crude enzyme with kaolin followed by precipitation of the purified sacoharase with tannin at this way Willstatter, Schneider, and Wenzel have prepared an enzyme of even greater purity than their earlier preparations, which had been entirely free from gum and proteins. Autor of the post: Undefined In interpreting the available information Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 2:11:56 +0000 The existing very extensive literature dealing with the physical and chemical properties of saccharase has been largely based on data collected with less highly purified enzyme preparations than Willstatters. This can hardly have failed to affect the results obtained. In interpreting the available information on the chemical and physical properties of saccharase, it is advisable to bear this in mind. Autor of the post: Undefined How far this Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 1:58:51 +0000 In his studies on saccharase von Euler 10 expresses the view that yeast does not secrete the enzyme but synthesizes it during the actual fermentation with energy derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates. This statement postulates that yeast grown on media in the absence of carbohydrates should contain no saccharase. How far this is the case does not appear to have been confirmed experimentally. Autor of the post: Undefined Thus von Euler and Cramer Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 1:46:38 +0000 Kertesz, however, maintains that Penicillium glaucum when grown on a medium containing 6 per cent, of glycerol or of invert sugar as the only source of carbon produces no saccharase. On the other hand the presence of carbohydrates un- doubtedly favours the production of saocharase . Thus von Euler and Cramer increased the saccharase content of yeast by 20 per cent, by adding mannose to the culture medium. Autor of the post: Undefined A suitable incubation temperature also Post Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2008 1:34:42 +0000 Willstatter, Lowry, and Schneider found a similar though slighter effect when using maltose, but nolle where lactose or glycerin was added to the medium. In the case of Aspergillus niger, Grezes 61 increased the saccharase content of the fungus by cultivating it in a medium containing cane sugar. A suitable incubation temperature also appears to favour saccharase production. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |