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Melibiose is a product Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:19:19 +0000 This interpretation of the change, however, was shown by Burri and by Pringsheim to be misleading and has now been abandoned in favour of an explanation which allocates to each cell of the culture a latent power of ferment- ing lactose or saccharose, when either of these sugars is provided in the absence of other suitable carbohydrates. The nature of the enzymes thus activated has not been studied. Melibiose is a product of hydrolysis of raffinose or meli- triose. Autor of the post: Undefined That many types of yeast Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 15:05:53 +0000 It was first observed and isolated by von Lippman from the stalks of certain Malvaceae. Very little is known of the extent to which micro-organisms are capable of hydro- lysing melibiose. That many types of yeast, notably bottom yeast, are capable of doing so was noted by Fischer and Lindner. Autor of the post: Undefined Only in the case Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 14:53:42 +0000 IKT spite of the great interest which attaches to the micro- biological decomposition of glucosides, both from a pharma- cological and from a physiological point of view, little has been done to study the problem even in the case of such important gluoosides as digitalin, digitoxin, and strophanthin. Judging from the available literature, interest appears to have been limited almost entirely to ascertaining whether micro-organ- isms do or do not hydrolyse glucosides. Only in the case of the industrially important glucoside indican and the equally important glucosidio substance tannin has an attempt been made to investigate in greater detail the hydrolysis and the subsequent decomposition. Autor of the post: Undefined Bourquelot 1 found that amygdalin Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 14:42:35 +0000 In general it may be claimed that many bacteria and fungi possess the property of hydrolysing glucosides. Among aotinomycetes, however, the property is rare. Bourquelot 1 found that amygdalin, sambucin, coniferin, aesculin, and salioin were hydrolysed by many wood-destroy- ing fungi. Autor of the post: Undefined Penicillium glaucum was tested Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 14:28:20 +0000 Kohnstamm added to the list of glucosides arbutin and helicin. Among the lower fungi Bourquelot and Herissey found that the enzyme mixture of AapergiUus nigr hydro- lysed amygdalin, salicin, ooniferin, arbutin, aesculin, helicin, populin, and phloridzin. Penicillium glaucum was tested by Gerard on amygdalin and on salioin and was found to hydro- lyse both. Autor of the post: Undefined Arbutin, helicin, and salicin were Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 14:16:00 +0000 The readiness with which a fungus hydrolyses a glucoside was studied by Brunstein 5 and was found by him to vary considerably. Amygdalin and coniferin were most easily decomposed. Arbutin, helicin, and salicin were less so, owing, he suggests, to the inhibitory action exercised on the growth of the fungus by the products of hydrolysis. Autor of the post: Undefined For that reason he recommended Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 14:05:18 +0000 Nevertheless, Castellanis 6 investigations on certain bacteria indicate that salicin is far more frequently hydrolysed than amygdalin. As a general rule Brunstein found that a well-nourished mycelium acted more quickly and more completely on glucosides than did a starved mycelium. For that reason he recommended the use of a starved fungus for the study of the progress of the hydrolysis, since the slower rate of conversion of the glucoside by such a mycelium made it possible to follow the intermediate stages of the breakdown and to show that the carbohydrate liberated during hydrolysis becomes subsequently assimilated by the fungus. Autor of the post: Undefined 8 In their experiments Javillier Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 13:48:23 +0000 This liberation of a carbohydrate indicates that glucosides are capable of serving as a food-substance for the organisms hydrolysing them, a view which is supported by Puriewitsohs 7 observation that spores of AsprgiUus niger, Aspergillus glaucus, and Penicillium glaucwm germinate and form a mycelium in an aqueous solution of helicon. That glucoside hydrolysing enzymes are present in the mycelium of a fungus from the time of the germination of its spore was shown by Javillier and Tschernoroutzky. 8 In their experiments Javillier and Tschernoroutzky also observed that the presence of a zinc salt in the culture medium was favourable to the secretion of glucosidase. Autor of the post: Undefined coli commune decomposes amygdalin Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 13:36:24 +0000 Studying Asper- gillus and Penicillium species these workers established that less enzyme diffuses into the surrounding medium from young cultures than from older ones, and that the rate of diffusion may vary according to the nature of the enzyme. The optimum hydrogen ion concentration for the activity of amygdalase by the species mentioned was determined by Javillier and Tschernoroutzky to be equal to a pH value of Among bacteria the glucoside hydrolysing properties of the coli-typhosum group have been studied by Twort, after Inghilleri 10 had shown that Sact. coli commune decomposes amygdalin while Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined He found that Post Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 13:19:19 +0000 typhosum does not. Twort examined the behaviour of a large number of strains of the ooli-typhosum group towards no less than forty-nine different gluoosides, with a view to discovering differences in the behaviour of these strains, applicable to their classification. He found that as a rule the strains which hydrolysed lactose attacked gluoosides fairly readily. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |