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The formation of acetylmethyloarbinol Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:43:43 +0000 On saponification of these glyceraldehyde results, followed by methylglyoxal, pyruvio acid, acetaldehyde, and formic acid, with side reactions leading to butyleneglyool, In the ordinary bacteriological methods of diagnosis these changes would be indicated only by the production of acid in litmus glucose broth, coupled perhaps with a reduction of litmus. Where the test organism produced lactose hydro- lysing enzymes, acid production, and possibly discoloration or coagulation, would occur in litmus milk. The formation of acetylmethyloarbinol in the presence of peptone would give rise to a positive Voges and Proskauer reaction a fluorescent discoloration of the upper part of te culture, similar to that of a dilute alcoholic solution of eosin, on addition of potash to the glucose broth culture and hours standing of the culture at room temperature. Autor of the post: Undefined of which allows Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:25:22 +0000 Harden 16 showed that this reaction was due to the presence of acetylmethylcarbinol. The reaction is now no longer used for the identification of acetylmethylcarbinol, but has been replaced by that devised by Lemoigne or its modification . of which allows of a quantative estimation of both acetyl- methylcarbinol and butyleneglycol. Autor of the post: Undefined It is probably justifiable Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:06:38 +0000 Some very early investigations of the action of Ba subtilis on glucose, carried out by Vandevelde 18 in 1884, differ materi- ally from the view set out above. Vandevelde obtained from glucose lactic acid, butyric acid, caproio acid, and two alcohols, one of which boiled below 100 3 and the other above. It is probably justifiable to assume with Lemoigne 4 that the organism studied by Vandevelde was not Ba subtilis, particularly as it is stated to have produced a gas, consisting of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and an undetermined residue. Autor of the post: Undefined THERE appear to be three Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 13:55:44 +0000 It is much to be regretted that a list of the various micro- organisms acting on glucose in a manner similar to that of the aerobic bacilli cannot be compiled. Here, as in the case of most other fermentations, the study of the action of the organisms on carbohydrates has been far too superficial to make such compilations possible or even desirable at present. THERE appear to be three methods by which hexoses can be fermented by facultative anaerobic micro-organisms without the formation of lactic acid. Autor of the post: Undefined vulgare, the second Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 13:42:42 +0000 These three modes of fermentation are dealt with in the present chapter as one group. The first is represented by the action of Bad. vulgare, the second by that of Bad. Autor of the post: Undefined pneumoniae and Ba acetoethylicus Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 13:26:46 +0000 fluorescent liquefaciens and Bact. prodigiosum, and the third by that of Bact. pneumoniae and Ba acetoethylicus. Autor of the post: Undefined He obtained a mixture Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 13:08:19 +0000 The action of Bact. vulgare on glucose was studied by Smith 1 from the point of view of gas production. He obtained a mixture of gaseous products consisting of 33 per cent, of that Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined Nitrates were the only markedly Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 12:54:48 +0000 vulgare activated no other hexoses than glucose and fructose. A slight activation of fumarates and malates was also noted. Nitrates were the only markedly activated hydrogen acceptors. Autor of the post: Undefined On as precursors Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 12:42:04 +0000 The formation of aoetylmethylcarbinol by Bact. vulgare must be taken as an indication that acetaldehyde and acetic acid are formed as intermediate decomposition products, if it is assumed with Kluyver and Donker 4 that the fermentation of hexoses proceeds along lines of comparatively simple hydrogenations, dehydrogenations, and condensations. On as precursors. Autor of the post: Undefined The formic acid on being Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 12:30:18 +0000 The formation of these intermediaries hw still to be proved experimentally, however. On being converted into aoetaldehyde, methylglyoxal would yield one molecule of formic acid for every molecule- of acetaldehyde. The formic acid on being dehydrogenated would yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen in equal propor- tions, part of the latter being used for the hydrogenation of acetylmethyloarbinol to butyleneglycol. 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