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Calcium lactate was fer- mented Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 9:51:04 +0000 pneumoniae and Ba ethaceticus were shown by Frankland to be acetic acid, formic acid, and ethyl alcohol, in equal molecular proportions, as well as traces of succinio acid. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were given off under anaerobic conditions in equal proportions. Calcium lactate was fer- mented, yielding the same fermentation products as glucose but in Different molecular proportions, four molecules of acetic acid being formed to one molecule of ethyl alcohol. Autor of the post: Undefined Traces of i propyl Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 9:36:19 +0000 The observation of Grimbert 14 that Mactio acid is also pro- duced has not been confirmed. As fermentation products of Ba acetoethylicus, Northrop, Ashe and Senior detected formic and acetic acids, ethyl alcohol, acetone, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Traces of i propyl and butyl alcohols were also reported present by them. Autor of the post: Undefined Donker does not confirm Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 9:22:41 +0000 found. Details of the experimental data obtained by Donker in his study of the fermentation of glucose by this organism were given in Chapter V, page 86. Donker does not confirm the presence of propyl or butyl alcohol, but records finding traces of ethylmethylcarbinol and measurable quantities of Of particular interest is the appearance of suocinic acid as a fermentation product of Ba pneumoniae and Ba ethace- ticus and of acetone in the case of Ba acetoethylicus. Autor of the post: Undefined Grey concluded from his observations Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 9:05:34 +0000 to be a fermentation product of Bact. coli commune. Grey concluded from his observations that the precursor of succinic acid in the case of Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined Experimental evidence on the formation Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 8:47:43 +0000 coli commune was identical with that of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol that is, with methylglyoxal or dihydroxyaoetone. If this view must be taken as correct, the production of succinic acid would follow a different course to that taken in the formation of succinic acid by the micro- organisms dealt with in Chapter VI. Experimental evidence on the formation of acetone from acetic acid by microbiological activity was brought forward by Desborough 16 in the case of an obligatory anaerobic ba- cillus, Ba acetonigenus (Clostridium acetonigenum), Donker. Autor of the post: Undefined Of the chief intermediate fermentation Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 8:29:54 +0000 Its formation from the same intermediate in the case of Ba acetoethylicus has not been proved, but if likely to occur would result in two molecules of acetic acid combining to form one molecule of acetone and one molecule of carbon dioxide. In the case of Ba efhaceticus and Ba acetoethylicus, the final fermentation products again indicate the preliminary conversion of the hexose molecule into phosphoric esters, followed by the production of glyceraldehyde, methylglyoxal (or perhaps dihydroxyacetone), acetaldehyde, and formic acid, with various side reactions giving rise to the other fermentation products which have been identified. Of the chief intermediate fermentation products of Ba acetoethylicus acetaldehyde has actuaUy been isolated by Peterson and TEH mode of fermentation represented by this group is undoubtedly extremely common among micro-organisms. Autor of the post: Undefined coli commune, organisms Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 8:18:33 +0000 It was investigated in considerable detail by Harden 1 in the case of Bact. typhosum and Bact. coli commune, organisms which he found capable of converting approximately 50 per cent, of any available hexoses into lactic acid, the remainder yielding ethyl alcohol and acetic acid in approximately equal molecular proportions, with formic acid, carbon dioxide, and product of Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined coli commune convinced Harden Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 8:01:20 +0000 coli commune. Observations made by Tnm in collaboration with Penfold on specially treated strains of Bact. coli commune convinced Harden that the fermentation of hexoses by this organism is performed by three independent enzymes, one leading to the production of lactic acid, one to ethyl alcohol, acetic acid and formic acid, and one to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Autor of the post: Undefined It is questionable whether Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 7:50:29 +0000 The view that three independent stages occur has been confirmed and elaborated by subse- quent investigators, notably by Grey, Aubel, and Aubel and Salabartan. 5 Formic acid production and evolution of carbon dioxide and hydrogen are regarded by them as the result of the activity of one enzyme, the formation of acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, and succinic acid as that of another, and lactic acid production as the result of the function of a third and entirely independent enzyme. It is questionable whether this conception is correct. Autor of the post: Undefined This is particularly noticeable Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 7:31:28 +0000 Recent work by Quastel and collaborators indicates that the governing factor in these reactions is more likely to be found in the hydrogen activating properties of the organisms than in the existence of several specific enzymes. Formation of formic acid, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, and suooinic acid at least are closely con- nected with these properties. This is particularly noticeable in the case of the conversion of formic acid to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a reaction which is readily performed under normal conditions by Bact. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |