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The last-named writers suggest Post Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2008 0:04:11 +0000 Tate studied a type resembling Streptococcus mesenteroides (Leuconostoc) which gave molecules of ethyl alcohol, to molecules of lactic acid, molecule of succinic acid, and smaller quantities of acetic acid and formic acid, from molecules of glucose. Peterson and Fred investigated other types isolated from manure, silage, and soil. The last-named writers suggest that the mannitol is formed as a coincident product of fermentation through the reduction of fructose by nascent hydrogen and that it becomes subsequently broken down to lactic and acetio acids. Autor of the post: Undefined The organism in question, Bact Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 23:48:51 +0000 Previously Gayon and Dubourg 6 and Muller- Thurgau and Osterwalder had failed to secure growth of their mannitol bacteria on media containing mannitol as the sole source of carbohydrate. The organism studied by Tate fermented mannitol with the formation of ethyl alcohol, acetio acid, formic acid, and lactic acid. The organism in question, Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined coli commune, except that hydrogen Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 23:30:41 +0000 lactofermentum (Lacto- bacterium fermewtum), had been described previously by Beijerinok. It will be seen that qualitatively, and in some respects quantitatively, the fermentation of glucose by this bacterium recalls the mode of action of Bact. coli commune, except that hydrogen is absent, that the yield of acetic acid is lower, and that glycerol has appeared as an important product of fer- mentation. Autor of the post: Undefined According to van Steenberge Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 23:15:10 +0000 The proportions of carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol, lactic acid, and of formic acid are of the same order. How far this can be taken as indicating a similarity in the mode of action of the two types of micro-organisms has not yet been shown. According to van Steenberge the mannitol producing lactic acid bacteria possess marked reducing powers towards selenium and tellurium salts, and are capable of activating these salts to function as acceptors for activated hydrogen. Autor of the post: Undefined According to van Steenberge they Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 22:58:59 +0000 This observation supports the view that the formation of mannitol is attributable to the same cause, and that inter- mediately formed formic acid, therefore, produced at one stage or another in the fermentation of hexoses by these organisms, is decomposed with liberation of atomic hydrogen. Among the true lactic acid bacteria the activating powers are much less marked. According to van Steenberge they are unable to reduce selenium and tellurium salts, and fructose is converted into lactic aoid by them. Autor of the post: Undefined This must be taken Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 22:46:16 +0000 They still retain the property of reducing methylene blue to its leuco-compound (Jensen ), a reaction which does not involve a preliminary activation of the molecule of the hydrogen acceptor. Catalase is not produced by the true lactic acid bacteria, an observation which Beijerinck made twenty-five years ago, and which Jensen subsequently confirmed. This must be taken to indicate that hydrogen peroxide is unlikely to be formed as a result of the fermentation of carbohydrates by the true lactic acid bacteria, and indicates no doubt an in- creased sensitiveness towards oxygen by these organisms. Autor of the post: Undefined Though the true lactic acid Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 22:32:00 +0000 The absence of catalase in the cells of the true lactic acid bacteria was utilized by Beijerinck for detecting their colonies in artificial cultures. He found that a droplet of dilute hydrogen peroxide solution, when placed on these colonies, remained undeoomposed for a considerable time. Though the true lactic acid bacteria are undoubtedly more anaerobic than the mannitol producing types, they still develop though sparingly in the presence of oxygen. Autor of the post: Undefined Several other observations have been Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 22:19:48 +0000 A further characteristic of these types is their inability readily to convert methylglyoxal into acetaldehyde and formic acid (Kluyver and Donker ). Their action on this important intermediate is restricted almost entirely to a conversion into lactic acid, a reaction which, according to Neuberg and Gorr, gives rise to almost theoretical yields. Several other observations have been made during recent years which facilitate the interpretation of the course of carbohydrate decomposition among the true lactic acid bacteria. Autor of the post: Undefined That these esters are subsequently Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 22:09:38 +0000 Thus Myrback and von Euler 18 have shown that these micro-organisms produce a co-enzyme, and that, as in the case of yeast, a fermentation of glucose by these bacteria is impossible in the absence of the co-enzyme. It can be concluded, therefore, that the first stage in the fermentation of monoses is the formation of hexose phosphoric esters. That these esters are subsequently converted into methyl- glyoxal is supported by Neuberg and Gorrs researches already referred to. Autor of the post: Undefined The optical properties Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 21:56:11 +0000 A certain percentage of the methylglyoxal must be con- verted into acetaldehyde and formic acid, since Bertrand and Weissweiler observed the formation of the latter substance in cultures of Baet. bulgcuricum. The optical properties of the lactic acid produced by bacteria has engaged the attention of many workers. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |