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Those traces of the aldehyde Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 14:08:58 +0000 In place of acetaldehyde van Niel suggests between lactic acid and propionic and acetic acids. Pyruvio acid was found both by Virtanen and by van Niel to be as readily converted into propionic and acetic acids as lactic acid, while acetaldehyde was hardly affected at all. Those traces of the aldehyde which were affected could be recovered as acetylmethylcarbinol, a substance which van Niel detected in small quantities in his culture of propionic acid bacteria. Autor of the post: Undefined niTYifl Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 13:56:31 +0000 That it does so is emphasized by van Niel, who comments also on the importance of this observation that a fermenta- tion of hexoses has here been found in which the production Compared with the lactic acid bacteria the propionic acid bacteria have received but slight attention in the past. Ihough present among the intestinal microflora of herbivo- ous fl.niTYifl. Autor of the post: Undefined The use of propionic acid Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 13:41:12 +0000 1g and among that of silage, participation of the propionic acid bacteria in the essential reactions occurring in ihe intestine and in the silage heap is probably insignificant. Pheir economic importance is restricted at present to their ictivity during the ripening of cheese and to the use of Dropionic acid in the perfume industry. The use of propionic acid and its esters has been suggested is solvents for pyroxylin and as substitutes for cellulose icetate. Autor of the post: Undefined casei, or of Bact Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 13:31:09 +0000 To facilitate this application of propionio acid acteria, Sherman and his collaborators attempted to accelerate the fermentation of carbohydrates by them and to increase the yields of propionic acid. They found that the presence in the cultures of propionic acid bacteria of JSact. casei, or of Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined Thus, while pure cultures Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 13:16:09 +0000 alcaligenes or Bact.wdgare, greatly accelerated the formation of propionic acid and favoured the production of the acid at the cost of other fermentation products. Thus, while pure cultures of their test organism a (Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined In concluding this review Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 13:03:14 +0000 acidi pro- pionici d) fermented 66 per cent, of the available lactose within 30 days and gave a yield of 1 part of acetic to 1-7 parts of propionio acid, the presence of one of the afore-mentioned micro-organisms not only changed these proportions to 1 part of acetic acid and 11-5 parts of propionic acid, but increased the rate of fermentation of the carbohydrates to an appreci- able extent. In a patent taken out by Sherman this mode of propionio acid preparation is suggested as a suitable method for industrial purposes. In concluding this review of the propionic acid bacteria, it should be mentioned that Virtanen has laid great stress on an observation of his that succinic acid is produced by propionic acid bacteria in considerable quantities, up to about 30 per cent, of the total fermentation products. Autor of the post: Undefined By this abnormal fermentation process Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 12:52:12 +0000 Most other investigators have obtained suocinic acid as a fermenta- tion product of the propionio acid bacteria but in far smaller proportions. Virtanen explains the occurrence of succinic acid as due to the property of the propionic acid bacteria of decomposing hexoses without the intervention of hexose phosphoric esters, a reaction which takes place when a coen- zyme is absent or only present in insufficient quantities. By this abnormal fermentation process the glucose molecule is stated to be broken down into succinic acid and acetaldehyde, the latter giving rise to acetic acid formation. Autor of the post: Undefined And it must Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 12:34:22 +0000 Myrback and von Euler hold a similar view. The correct- ness of this conception, however, is warmly disputed by Maurer. And it must be admitted that it is rendered highly questionable by van Niels observation on the effect of pro- pionio acid bacteria on added aoetaldehyde. Autor of the post: Undefined Buohner and Meisenheimer were Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 12:15:32 +0000 Van Niel ascribes the small amounts of succinic acid formed by the propionic acid bacteria to the action of the organisms on protein sub- stances, on the lines suggested by Ehrlich, Neuberg and Binger, and Kostytchev and Erey in the case of yeast, and by Kozai in the case of bacteria. THE type of hexose fermentation which results in the pro- duction of butyric acid as a chief fermentation product attracted the attention of investigators at an early date in the history of microbiology, not only because of the apparent unusual conversion of the hexose molecule, but also, and perhaps mainly, owing to the remarkable fact, first observed by Pelouze and Gelis, that butyric acid may be produced by the fermentation of calcium laotate, or, according to Fitz, from glycerol, substances which contain three carbon atoms in their molecule as against the four found in the butyric acid molecule itself. Buohner and Meisenheimer were the first to undertake systematic investigations with a view to throwing light on the reactions involved in the conversion of a three carbon chain substance like glycerol into butyric acid containing four carbon atoms in its molecule. Autor of the post: Undefined The fermentation products, which amounted Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 11:59:18 +0000 To do so they compared the fermentation products of glucose and of glycerol when fermented by a typical butyric acid producing bacterium. Buchner and Meisenheimer utilized for their investigations a culture of Sa butylicus isolated by Fitz from cows dung and stated to be capable of producing butyric acid under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The fermentation products, which amounted to 83 and 85 per cent, respectively of the substances fermented, were found to be identical whether glycerol or glucose were taken, but differed quantita- tively. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |