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In the writers experience none Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 4:23:22 +0000 The experimental evidence brought forward by Speakman and Phillips in support of this contention is not supported by practical experience. Various methods have been recommended for counter- acting the harmful influence of lactic acid bacteria on the course of the butyl fermentation, such as lowering the fer- mentation temperature. In the writers experience none of these recommendations have the desired effect. Autor of the post: Undefined The plant now generally chosen Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 4:03:36 +0000 Another serious cause of failure of the butyl fermentation has been ascribed by Legg 46 to the occurrence of epidemics of sluggishness in the cultures used for inoculation, presumably inoUcating"the presence of a bacteriophage in such cultures. This interesting observation has not yet been fully explored. The plant now generally chosen for the production of butyl alcohol is that usually adopted for pure culture fermentation processes and need not be described in detail. Autor of the post: Undefined The fermentation is conducted Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 3:44:30 +0000 The process involves a preliminary sterilization of the raw material, either starch or maltose, followed by the introduction of the cooled mash into a large amount of already fermenting mash. Where starch mashes are used their sterilization requires temperatures far in excess of those usually thought necessary. The fermentation is conducted at a temperature between With the increasing importance of n-butyl alcohol as a basis for the manufacture of dopes and varnishes, attempts have been made to increase the yields of butyl alcohol ob- tained. Autor of the post: Undefined Dorner 48 has maintained Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 3:25:27 +0000 According to Boinot this may be achieved by add- ing calcium lactate to the fermenting mash. Since the introduction of the industrial production of butyl alcohol by fermentation, the isolation of pure cultures of Ba acetonign/us has become a question of considerable importance, the usual laboratory methods being entirely unsuitable for the purpose. Dorner 48 has maintained that this difficulty is due to the presence in ordinary culture media of inhibitory substances which prevent the ready develop- ment of Ba acetonigenus. Autor of the post: Undefined They did not succeed Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 3:08:29 +0000 By the addition of substances such as animal charcoal, soil, or brain to dextrose broth, Dorner claims to have been able to overcome the inhibitory action of the usual laboratory media, and states that he has good development of a single cell by Bums 49 Indian ink method. The writers have repeated Dorners experiments, using glucose broth and wort with animal charcoal added. They did not succeed in obtaining growth of Ba acetonigenus in these media when the number of cells inoculated decreased to less than 2,000. Autor of the post: Undefined Neither Neuberg and Arinstein nor Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 2:55:26 +0000 The early investigators of the butyric acid fermentation record having isolated other and usually higher fatty acids Neuberg and Ariostein aid particidar attention to these acids and isolated grammes of a mixture of caproic, caprylio and capric acids from grammes of glucose. These higher fatty acids invariably contained an even number of carbon atoms in their chains. Neither Neuberg and Arinstein nor any other investigators have so far attempted to explain the intermediate stages involved in the production of these acids by micro-organisms. Autor of the post: Undefined On the con- trary, most Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 2:42:21 +0000 Perhaps it is justifiable to assume that the reactions involved in these cases are similar to those responsible for the syntheses WHEN discussing the principles underlying the exposition given in these pages of the microbiological dehydrogenation of monoses it was mentioned that the fermentation of pen- toses would be dealt with in a separate chapter, as a separate subject. The decision to do so was prompted by lack of information on the reactions taking place, and not by any established dissimilarity between the methods by which micro-organisms utilize pentoses and hexoses. On the con- trary, most of the available data point to a striking similarity between the reactions by which pentoses and hexoses are decomposed by micro-organisms. Autor of the post: Undefined In his investigations on Bact Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 2:29:52 +0000 To mention but a few examples, Bertrand 1 found that Bact. xylinum, or rather the closely related type the sorbose bacterium, converts xylose to xylinic acid, a reaction which evidently is analogous to the conversion of glucose by the same organism to gluconic acid. In his investigations on Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined Here again the final fermentation Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 2:14:08 +0000 pneumoniae, Grimbert 2 observed that xylose was fermented with the production of ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, lactic acid and succinic acid, the substances already ascertained to be fermentation products of glucose. Among the more recent observations might be mentioned those of Peterson and Fred 8 on certain pentose fermenting bacteria, isolated from silage, which showed that acetalde- hyde was produced as an intermediate fermentation product from pentoses and from hexoses; and those of Northrop and his collaborators 4 on the action of Ba acetoethyliciis on glucose and xylose . Here again the final fermentation products were identical, though formed in slightly varying propor- tions. Autor of the post: Undefined There are reasons, therefore, for Post Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2008 1:56:20 +0000 In the case of Ba acetonigemts, Peterson, Fred and Schmidt 6 came to the conclusion that the xylose fermentation products were identical with those of glucose, though varying slightly in proportion. And finally in their study of the action of Fusariwn lini, the wilt of flax,White and Willaman 8 observed the production of ethyl alcohol in quantities over and above those which could have been produced had the pentose molecule been broken down into one three-carbon molecule and one two-carbon molecule. There are reasons, therefore, for expecting that as experi- mental evidence accumulates, it will be possible to co-ordinate the intermediate reactions of pentose fermentations with those already discernible for hexoses and for anticipating that the formation of molecules containing three carbon chains must be an important stage in the breakdown of pentoses. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |