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Working with suspensions of Bact Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 17:57:57 +0000 Grey, on the contrary, definitely associated the production of starch by Bact. coli commune with the fermentative activity of the organism. Working with suspensions of Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined The total amount isolated was Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 17:41:57 +0000 coli commune grown in a glucose medium containing an excess of calcium carbonate, Grey reported finding that the solid bacterial debris which settled at the bottom of the container gave a blue coloration, a positive starch reaction, with iodine. The polysaccharide was shown to be present in the cells in greatest abundance after the 16th hour, but before the 40th hour of fermentation. The total amount isolated was equal to only 9 per cent, of the available glucose, but this quantity evidently represented the difference between starch formed and starch consumed. Autor of the post: Undefined Beyond the addition Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 17:27:16 +0000 Grey deduces from his experimental evidence that at some stage of the fermentation of glucose by Bact. coli commune there is an almost complete trans- formation of glucose into non-reducing carbohydrates, a great part of which is starch. Beyond the addition of an excess of calcium carbonate, Grey does not appear to have taken specific precautions to ensure starch accumulation. Autor of the post: Undefined Discussing the synthetic side Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 17:09:39 +0000 The presence of this calcium carbonate shows, however, that starch synthesis would proceed at a less acid reaction with Bact. coli commune than where Aspergillus niger is used. Discussing the synthetic side of bacterial metabolism, Grey suggests that a very large proportion of the various substances which are decomposed by bacterial fermentation are first synthesized into more complex compounds within the bacterial protoplasm and are decomposed only subsequently into those end products which are finally observed. Autor of the post: Undefined Only one paper dealing Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 16:59:34 +0000 Not only his observations, but the de- ductions made from them by Grey are rather sweeping and a confirmatory investigation of the synthetic activities of Bact. coli commune is undoubtedly required. Only one paper dealing with the storage of fats has a direct bearing on the question of microbiological synthesis as dis- cussed in this chapter. Autor of the post: Undefined Smedley McLean and Hoffert do Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 16:43:29 +0000 Before discussing this paper by Smed- ley McLean and Hoffert 24 it mil be desirable to review the observations on fat production from acetaldehyde, alcohol md pyruvic acid by Endomyces vematis. According to these various theories, sugars, when used as the starting-point for at production, are broken down in the first instance to bcetaldehyde, and this fermentation product is then con- lensed to fatty acids, which, after esterification with glycerol, deld fat. Smedley McLean and Hoffert do not deny that acetalde- tyde, ethyl alcohol, or pyruvic acid, can be utilized by micro- rganisms for the storage of fat. Autor of the post: Undefined In their experiments they observed Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 16:25:40 +0000 On the contrary they find hat a considerable accumulation of fat occurs in yeast in he presence of ethyl alcohol and an excess of oxygen. But hey are unable to accept these substances, and notably cetaldehyde, as the components from which fats are normally pnthesized hi yeast. In their experiments they observed that it synthesis from ethyl alcohol was adversely affected by le addition of sodium sulphite, a salt employed in biological jaotions for the fixation of aoetaldehyde. Autor of the post: Undefined These appa- mtly contradictory observations Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 16:06:34 +0000 They concluded om this that acetaldehyde is an essential stage in the con- ersion of ethyl alcohol into fat. In those experiments in hich Smedley McLean and Hoffert used glucose or fructose 3 raw material instead of ethyl alcohol, the addition of dium sulphite did not diminish fat production, indicating lat in these cases no acetaldehyde was formed. These appa- mtly contradictory observations are explained by Smedley cLean and Hoffert on the assumption that, where ethyl cohol forms the raw material for fat production, it is con- srted into acetaldehyde and the latter synthesized into ucose. Autor of the post: Undefined There is a certain similarity Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 15:49:19 +0000 The glucose is then further condensed to a longer chain structure such as required for the higher fatty acids of which yeast fat is composed. In the experiments in which glucose or fructose served as raw material, this condensation of the hexose is assumed to proceed direct, without a pre- liminary disintegration of the molecule. There is a certain similarity between this assumed direct condensation of monoses to fatty acids and the formation of hemioelluloses by micro-organisms, a process of synthesis which perhaps has been more extensively investigated than any other, and which in practically every case has been shown to be dependent on the presence of a carbohydrate. Autor of the post: Undefined There appears to be no Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 15:30:13 +0000 It may not have been experimentally proved that the synthesis of hemioelluloses by micro-organisms is the outcome of a direct condensation of monoses, but there is indirect evidence of this. Thus it is almost invariably observed that a hemicellulose which is formed as the result of microbiological activity is the polysaccharide corresponding to that monose present in the culture of the micro-organism from which it can be built up, and to which it can be reconverted by hydro- lysis with dilute acids. There appears to be no reason why this should be the case if the monose, prior to its synthesis, were converted into an enolic form or into a substance with a shorter carbon chain. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |