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This method was not always Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 10:23:31 +0000 To secure pure cultures Liesenberg and Zopf 36 suggested heating the raw material to 75 for 15 minutes prior to preparation of plates in order to destroy the entangled secondary microflora. They assumed that the mucus pro- ducing micro-organisms would possess higher heat resisting powers than the associated flora. This method was not always successful, and has been replaced by the technique of Zettnow, 36 which is based on the observation that mucus is produced only on media containing carbohydrates. Autor of the post: Undefined The inoculant is now distributed Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 10:12:58 +0000 As a preliminary Zettnow triturates a small amount of raw material with twenty to thirty times its volume of sterile water and repeats this treatment three to five times. Small pieces of the purified raw material are then placed on firm saccharose gelatine plates, though saccharose agar plates might presumably be used for the purpose. The inoculant is now distributed over the surface of the plates by means of a sterile glass rod, suitably bent. Autor of the post: Undefined For the purpose of identi- Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 9:55:51 +0000 The colonies with a slimy appearance developing on the plates are transferred to ordinary broth in which no mucus is formed and the ensuing culture is plated out on ordinary gelatine or agar plates. The colonies forming on these plates are subcultured into ordinary broth and the resulting culture plated out on ordinary gelatine or agar plates. For the purpose of identi- fication, the colonies appearing on the last set of plates, now possessing the normal consistency of bacterial colonies, are placed in a nutrient solution containing carbohydrates from which mucus can be produced by the organism. Autor of the post: Undefined Like Kramer, and most Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 9:41:47 +0000 For the subsequent storage of the isolated strain Zettnow recommends the addition of calcium carbonate to the culture, and drying. In some cases, for instance in that of a Javanese mucus producing organism, Micrococcus djokjakartensis, the organism could be preserved in this way for three years without subculturing. Like Kramer, and most of the earlier investigators, Beijerinck regarded the property of mucus production as a characteristic of certain types of bacteria, due to the presence in their cells of a specific enzyme viscosaccharase. Autor of the post: Undefined In the follow- ing pages Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 9:26:36 +0000 This conclusion is no longer tenable, and on further investigation will undoubtedly be abandoned in favour of the view referred to in Chapter XIV, that most, if not all carbohydrate de- composing micro-organisms possess synthesizing properties which, under favourable conditions, notably a slightly alka- line reaction and the presence of phosphates (Kramer, Glaser ), and during the early stages of their development, give rise to the condensation of hexoses to polysacoharides. In oases where these polysacchandes readily imbibe water, CERTAIN aspects of the action of micro-organisms on starch, were dealt with in Chapter n, notably the action of fungi as applied in Eastern countries to the hydrolysis of starch for the preparation of alcohol and articles of diet. In the follow- ing pages attention will be concentrated on the general microbiology of grain and flour, on the microbiology of sizing materials and adhesive pastes, and on that of dough and bread. Autor of the post: Undefined It may be recalled Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 9:15:15 +0000 The relationship which undoubtedly exists between these subjects is largely due to the common origin of many of the organisms involved. An obvious influence is exercised also by the similarity in chemical composition of the substances involved, but on this little need be said. It may be recalled that all green plants possess an epiphytic mioroflora which normally subsists on the slight traces of carbohydrates, protein and inorganic salts which dissolve in the water exuding from, or condensing on, the epidermis of the host. Autor of the post: Undefined Under damp conditions, when dew Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 8:58:59 +0000 This microflora has been studied by Burri 1 and by Diiggeli, 2 both of whom agree that it is able to subsist under the most severe climatic conditions to which the host normally becomes exposed, and that at periods of damp and rain it develops luxuriantly, spreading over the whole of the epidermis, including the flower and the seed. Burn points out that the resistance of the epiphytic mioroflora to low humidities is due to the production by the individual cell of an outer layer of mucus which retards the drying up of the cell, and incidentally fixes it to the surface of the plant tissues on which it lives. Under damp conditions, when dew or rain covers the epidermis of the host, the mucus dissolves and allows the cells to spread over the epidermis. Autor of the post: Undefined Curiously enough the epiphytic mioroflora Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 8:47:27 +0000 The epiphytic microflora consists of comparatively few species, though frequently of very large numbers of cells, gramme on wheat. These figures are considerably lower in most oases than those previously recorded by Hoffmann for Russian, Rumanian, and German grain, but probably represent more correctly the numbers of the true epiphytic microflora than the figure given by Hoffmann, who sought to determine the number of micro-organisms present in samples of superior and inferior grades of cereals. Curiously enough the epiphytic mioroflora is composed almost exclusively of short non-spore forming rods. Autor of the post: Undefined aurum, synonymous with Bact Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 8:28:39 +0000 JBact. Tterbicola a. aurum, synonymous with Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined fluorescns liquefaciens as a second Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 8:12:16 +0000 mesentericus aureus Winkler, and described by Beijerinck as Bact. agglomerans, is claimed by Diiggeli to be thepreponderant species of the normal epiphytic flora, followed by Bact. fluorescns liquefaciens as a second, but much less frequent type. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |