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It is undoubtedly true Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 7:52:41 +0000 In the writers experience, which harmonizes with the views expressed by Beijerinck, it is not altogether correct to ascribe a dominating influence to Bact. herbicola a aureum. It is undoubtedly true that an appreciable percentage of the epiphytic flora consists of short rods, which, when grown on ordinary laboratory media, produce yellow transparent colonies identical with or closely resembling those of Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined coli luteolique- faciens, the yellow Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 7:40:55 +0000 herbicola a aureum. But such yellow colonies are produced by a number of species, including the yellow gas producing short rod found by Holliger in flour, Bact. coli luteolique- faciens, the yellow acid producing rod isolated by Levy from flour, and the Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined These types were regarded Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 7:25:50 +0000 trifolii (Pseudomonas trifolii) of Huss, 8 as well as several other species. In addition to the above there are found among the epiphytic microflora the short rods isolated by Burn 9 and by Thaysen 10 from grass which, in their morphological and biological characters, resemble the coli-paratyphosum groups. These types were regarded by Frankel 11 and by Papasotiriu 12 as identical with Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined It maintains the continuity Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 7:09:14 +0000 coli commune, but were later shown (Holliger ) to differ from this organism in the composition of the gas produced by them and in their lack of indol production. It is interesting to note from Burris and from Duggelis work that the epiphytic microflora remains almost completely unaffected by the mioroflora of the soil in which the host is growing. It maintains the continuity of its existance by spreading to the seed, and from there to the emerging embryo and the new plant. Autor of the post: Undefined In this part Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 6:50:29 +0000 The spread to the seed is favoured by the fact that during the period of flowering of the host saccharine liquids are secreted by the flowers, which offer favourable conditions for development. Even among the cereals the exudations of the flower, coupled with the protection against desiccation afforded by the presence of glumes (paleae), make these sites particularly suitable growth centres. In this part of the plant the epiphytic microflora is joined, according to Chrzaszcz, by more accidental types brought to the flower with dust and particles of soil. Autor of the post: Undefined The various types, which might Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 6:37:51 +0000 These types comprise true yeasts, torula species, Dematium puttulans, PeniciUium species and Cladosporium herbarum, as well as occasional Cocci and Sarcinae. It is possible that spore bearing rods, notably butyric acid forming bacilli, as well as lactic acid producing bacteria, are also represented, but this was not demonstrated by Chrzaszcz. The various types, which might be regarded as a secondary microflora of the flower, thrive on exuded saccharine substances and develop beside the normal epiphytic flora. Autor of the post: Undefined Once established it is shielded Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 6:27:38 +0000 The secondary microflora does not possess special means of protection against desiccation and depends for its development on the presence of an abundance of moisture. It is not surprising, therefore, that it should be particularly prevalent during damp seasons. Once established it is shielded from destruction by the glumes which surround the seed of the Gramineae. Autor of the post: Undefined This conclusion was actually arrived Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 6:14:11 +0000 The effectiveness of this protection is most noticeable in cereals, such as barley, where the glumes fuse with the grain during ripening. In such cases the exis- tence of micro-organisms within the normal plant cell may well be thought to occur. This conclusion was actually arrived at by Bernheim, and subsequently by Galippe, who suggested that soil bacteria penetrated the tissues of most plants except garli However, Fernbach in France and Buohner in Germany proved that the interior of normal vegetable tissues are free from micro-organisms. Autor of the post: Undefined The internal infection cannot Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 5:58:22 +0000 Chrzaszcz describes as an internal infection the whole of the microflora of the cereal seed, consisting of the true epiphytic flora and of the secondary flora, developing in the flower and on the ripening grain in damp seasons, and con- trasts this flora with the external infection composed of an entirely accidental microflora which has become mixed with the grain with particles of dirt and soil, and which in most cases has had no opportunity of development. The external infection can be considerably reduced, and perhaps even completely suppressed, by removal of the soil and dirt adhering to the seed, or by treatment with suitable antiseptics. The internal infection cannot be similarly influenced. Autor of the post: Undefined This is important as it Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 5:41:26 +0000 Wetting, whether with clean water for washing purposes or with dilute antiseptics, does not destroy it. On the contrary, wetting would in most cases induce a renewed activity which, as already remarked, would be favoured by the presence of carbohydrates. This is important as it ex- plains why an analogy exists between the microbiologica] changes occurring in grain and flour, in adhesive pastes and sizing materials made from flour, and in dough and bread In all of these materials there is available a sufficiently largt supply of soluble carbohydrates to ensure a rapid growth oJ carbohydrate decomposing micro-organisms. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |