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An increase of the microflora Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 3:02:35 +0000 In a recent study of the spontaneous combustion of damp organic materials, James, Rettger and Thorn refer to the activity of bacteria contained in damp maize meal in storage. They found that the most pronounced heating was observed when the moisture content of the flour was about 30 per cent. An increase of the microflora of such flour occurred during the time taken for the temperature to rise to 50 After that a decrease set in, which became particularly noticeable when the temperature of the flour had been raised by aeration to 62 When stored for 4 days at 62, practically the whole of the microflora was destroyed. Autor of the post: Undefined As regards the action Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 2:45:10 +0000 Between the extremes of a slight mouldy odour and a complete charring of the material, a series of intermediate stages of microbiological damage have been observed in grain and flour. They have been studied chiefly from a hygienic point of view. As regards the action of micro-organisms on ripening grain, as distinct from that on stored grain and flour, it has been recorded that abnormally wet seasons encourage it. Autor of the post: Undefined This, however, is by no Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 2:34:18 +0000 Both Eeichard 10 and Becker 11 attribute the loss of germinat- ing power of damp grain to the spread of an excessive micro- flora over the grain during ripening. Reichard emphasizes that this microflora is composed essentially of lower fungi. This, however, is by no means necessarily the case. Autor of the post: Undefined herbicola a aureum Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 2:21:57 +0000 Where the excess moisture is comparatively slight, fungi may pre- dominate, but in grain with abnormally high moisture con- tents, various types of bacteria, belonging to the internal microflora of the grain, will constitute part of the covering microflora. Hiltner 12 mentions that he obtained various bacteria from very damp grain, and refers specifically to a short rod with yellow colonies, Bact. herbicola a aureum , and also a butyric acid-producing bacillus and Bact. Autor of the post: Undefined The excessive sliminess of infected Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 2:06:14 +0000 fluores- cens liquefaciens. Becker, in his paper referred to above, records that he found the bacterial content of barley to vary between five thousand and over twelve hundred millions per gramme, showing that a very dense bacterial flora can exist on grain. The excessive sliminess of infected grain, noted by Becker, also indicates that bacteria participate in the attack on ripening grain, as does the fact that the mucus formed can be removed by steeping and washing. Autor of the post: Undefined Reichard, who adopted a disinfection Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 1:54:16 +0000 The washing of infected grain was recommended by Becker for improving the germinating power of damaged barley. He found that the number of seeds capable of developing a normal plant could be greatly increased by this treatment. Reichard, who adopted a disinfection and drying of infected barley with alcohol and ether, or with chloroform, achieved an increase in germinating power of 43 per cent. Autor of the post: Undefined Becker holds the view Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 1:42:08 +0000 Such methods for the improvement of the germination power are of the greatest economic importance, not only to the maltster and the brewer, but to any one concerned with the protection of seed in storage. While it has been fairly conclusively proved that lack of germinating power in grain may be due, not necessarily to a destruction of the seed during its development, but to the action of an excessive microflora on the fully developed germ, it has not yet been shown how this action is to be explained. Becker holds the view that the mioroflora simply clogs the pores of the germ and thus prevents its respiration, without otherwise damaging the endosperm of the seed. Autor of the post: Undefined In this connexion it Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 1:26:00 +0000 But this explanation would hardly cover cases such as those in which the microflora possesses starch- or pectin-resolving enzymes, the butyric acid producing bacilli, for instance, observed by Hiltner, Schardinger and others, or Cladosporium herbarum referred to by Chrzaszcz, 18 types which almost certainly attack not only the endosperm but the tissues of the germinating plant. Future investigations are likely to show that the action of the microflora is a multiple one, depending on the actual micro-organisms comprising the flora ; sometimes causing little structural damage either to the endosperm or to the germ, but sometimes affecting one or both to a marked extent. In this connexion it is of interest to note that Hiltner 14 distinguishes between a microflora which affects the endosperm only, and one which attacks both the endosperm and the seedling. Autor of the post: Undefined To the latter group must Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 1:08:47 +0000 In the former group Hiltner places the various Penicillium and Asprgillus species met with on ripening grain. In the more harmful groups, attacking both endosperm and seedling, Hiltner includes two types, one represented by fungi such as Cephalotliecium roseum, Botrytis cinerea, Mucor stolonifer and Pyfhium deBaryanum, which attack the endosperm and the seedling indiscriminately, and another to which Ascochyta Pisi and ColUtotrichum Lindemuthianum belong, which first attack the endosperm and subsequently spread to the seed- ling. To the latter group must be added Fusarium roseum, which Jatschewski, and subsequently Gabrilowitsch, isolated from samples of rye which had caused severe dis- turbances to the health of persons consuming it. Autor of the post: Undefined Pellagra usually starts Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 0:53:13 +0000 The occur- rence of rye attacked by Fusarium roseum is common dur- ing damp seasons, when the fungus invades the seed during ripening and effects the endosperm in a way which renders it toxi The toxin causes giddiness and affects the sight, with more serious complications on continued consumption, lead- ing in extreme cases to death. Until recently Italian investigators ascribed a similar origin to pellagra, a disease which affects the poorer classes in countries where maize is consumed as a staple food. Pellagra usually starts as a more or less extensive rash on the exposed skin, and subsequently affects both the gastro- intestinal canal and the nervous system. 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| 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 |